2014年職稱英語(yǔ)理工C完形填空原文

　　閱讀理解第三篇 Citizen Scientists

　　Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1 events-flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring - all around the world. But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.

　　Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest - birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. - and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.

　　A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Pheonology Network. "Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.

　　One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project BudBurst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States. People participating in the project - which is open to everyone - record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.

　　"People don't have to be plant experts -they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood," says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. "As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and eommunities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes."

　　譯文：公民科學(xué)家

　　理解大自然對(duì)氣候變化有怎樣的反應(yīng)需要監(jiān)視世界各個(gè)角落的關(guān)鍵生命周期事件――花開(kāi)、葉子的出現(xiàn)、第一只青蛙叫出春天的到來(lái)。但是生態(tài)學(xué)家不可能去到世界的各個(gè)角落，所以他們向非科學(xué)家求助，這些非科學(xué)家有時(shí)也被稱作公民科學(xué)家。

　　氣象科學(xué)家不可能足跡遍及天下。因?yàn)樵谑澜缟嫌腥绱硕嗟牡胤剑瑳](méi)有足夠的科學(xué)家來(lái)觀察它們。所以他們請(qǐng)求你來(lái)幫助觀察全世界氣候變化的跡象。公民科學(xué)家運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)普通人根據(jù)自己的興趣來(lái)觀察某一個(gè)特定的方面――鳥(niǎo)兒、樹(shù)木、花卉等等一一并把他們的觀察結(jié)果發(fā)送到一個(gè)巨大的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來(lái)供專業(yè)科學(xué)家研究。這有助于數(shù)量有限的科學(xué)家得到如果只靠他們自己根本收集不到的巨大數(shù)據(jù)。就像公民記者幫助報(bào)道傳統(tǒng)新聞報(bào)道方式所忽略的小型社區(qū)的相關(guān)信息一樣，公民科學(xué)家也對(duì)他們所居住的環(huán)境很熟悉。所需要的就是每天或每周留出兒分鐘來(lái)搜集數(shù)據(jù)并發(fā)送過(guò)來(lái)。

　　一群科學(xué)家和教育家在去年發(fā)起了一個(gè)叫做紐約國(guó)家物候?qū)W的組織?！拔锖?qū)W”就是科學(xué)家們所說(shuō)的在自然中研究每個(gè)事件的時(shí)間。

　　其中一個(gè)小組的首要嘗試就是依靠科學(xué)家和非科學(xué)家來(lái)收集關(guān)于每年植物開(kāi)花和長(zhǎng)葉子的數(shù)據(jù)。這一項(xiàng)目叫做花季追蹤計(jì)劃，它收集遍布美國(guó)的各種各樣的植物生長(zhǎng)周期的數(shù)據(jù)。參與這一項(xiàng)目的人們一一這一計(jì)劃對(duì)所有人開(kāi)放――把他們的觀察記錄登錄在花季追蹤計(jì)劃網(wǎng)站上。

　　“人們不需要是植物學(xué)家――他們僅僅需要環(huán)視四周看看周?chē)惺裁??！盝ennifer Schwarts說(shuō)，她是這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的教育顧問(wèn)。“通過(guò)收集數(shù)據(jù)，我們就能夠估算出氣候變化對(duì)植物和生物群落會(huì)有怎樣的影響。

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