鍌欒€冭硣鏂欏垎浜細杌熻€冮珮绱�(j铆)绯荤当(t菕ng)鏋舵(g貌u)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)甯ā鎿反缈�(x铆)椤岋紙1锛�
鐐哄公鍔╁ぇ瀹舵洿濂界殑鍌欒€冭粺鑰冮珮绱�(j铆)绯荤当(t菕ng)鏋舵(g貌u)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)甯€冭│锛屽皬绶ㄧ偤澶у鏁寸悊浜�“鍌欒€冭硣鏂欏垎浜細杌熻€冮珮绱�(j铆)绯荤当(t菕ng)鏋舵(g貌u)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)甯ā鎿反缈�(x铆)椤�”鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛屼互渚涜€冪敓鍊戦€�(j矛n)琛屽倷鑰�锛屽叿楂斿収(n猫i)瀹硅┏瑕嬩笅鏂囷紝甯屾湜灏�(du矛)鑰冪敓鍊戣兘澶犳湁鎵€骞姪銆�
婧Θ鎻愮ず锛�鑰冪敓濡傛灉鎯充簡瑙f垨鎿�(d膩n)蹇冮尟(cu貌)閬庣郴绲�(t菕ng)鏋舵(g貌u)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)甯殑鍫�(b脿o)鍚嶆檪(sh铆)闁�銆佽€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁撱€佹垚绺�(j墨)鏌ヨ鏅�(sh铆)闁�銆佽瓑鏇搁牁(l菒ng)鍙栨檪(sh铆)闁撶瓑鏅�(sh铆)闁撶瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)锛屽彲浣跨敤“ 鍏嶈不(f猫i)闋�(y霉)绱勭煭淇℃彁閱�”鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛岄爯(y霉)绱勬垚鍔�锛屽眴鏅�(sh铆)閲嶈鑰冭│绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鎴戝€戞渻(hu矛)浠ョ煭淇″舰寮忓強鏅�(sh铆)鎻愰啋鎮�锛�
绗�1椤�(鍠伕椤�)锛�
涓嬪垪闂�(gu膩n)浜庢晱鎹锋柟娉曠殑鏁樿堪涓�锛岄尟(cu貌)瑾ょ殑鏄�()銆�
A銆佽垏鍌崇当(t菕ng)鏂规硶鐩告瘮锛屾晱鎹锋柟娉曟瘮杓冮仼鍚堥渶姹傝畩鍖栧ぇ鎴栬€呴枊鐧�(f膩)鍓嶆湡灏�(du矛)闇€姹備笉鏄緢娓呮櫚鐨勯爡(xi脿ng)鐩�
B銆佹晱鎹锋柟娉曞挨鍏堕仼鍚堜簬闁嬬櫦(f膩)鍦�(tu谩n)闅�(du矛)姣旇純榫愬ぇ鐨勯爡(xi脿ng)鐩�
C銆佹晱鎹锋柟娉曠殑鎬濇兂鏄仼鎳�(y墨ng)鎬�锛岃€屼笉鏄爯(y霉)瑷�(sh猫)鎬�
D銆佹晱鎹锋柟娉曚互鍘熷瀷闁嬬櫦(f膩)鎬濇兂鐐哄熀绀�(ch菙)锛岄噰鐢ㄨ凯浠e紡澧為噺闁嬬櫦(f膩)
鍙冭€冭В鏋愶細
銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€�B
銆愮瓟妗堝垎鏋愩€�
鏁忔嵎鏂规硶閬╁悎浜庨枊鐧�(f膩)鍦�(tu谩n)闅�(du矛)杓冨皬鐨勯爡(xi脿ng)鐩�銆�
绗�2椤�(鍠伕椤�)锛�
鏈€灏戠煡璀�(sh铆)鍘熷墖(涔熺ū鐐鸿开绫崇壒娉曞墖)鏄潰鍚�?q奴)慰绗(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍘熷墖涔嬩竴锛屾寚涓€鍊�(g猫)杌熶欢瀵�(sh铆)楂旀噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鐩″彲鑳藉皯鍦拌垏鍏朵粬瀵�(sh铆)楂旂櫦(f膩)鐢熺浉浜掍綔鐢�銆傞€欐ǎ锛岀暥(d膩ng)涓€鍊�(g猫)瀵�(sh铆)楂旇淇敼鏅�(sh铆)锛屽氨鏈�(hu矛)鐩″彲鑳藉皯鍦板奖闊垮叾浠栫殑瀵�(sh铆)楂�銆備笅鍒楁晿杩颁腑锛�“()"涓嶇鍚堟渶灏戠煡璀�(sh铆)鍘熷墖銆�
A銆佸湪椤炵殑鍔冨垎涓婏紝鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鐩¢噺鍓�(chu脿ng)寤烘澗鑰﹀悎鐨勯
B銆佸湪椤炵殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)涓�锛屽彧瑕佹湁鍙兘锛屼竴鍊�(g猫)椤炲瀷鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鎴愪笉璁婇
C銆佸湪椤炵殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)涓�锛屾瘡鍊�(g猫)椤為兘鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鐩″彲鑳芥彁楂樺皪(du矛)鍏跺爆鎬у拰鏂规硶鐨勮í鍟忔瑠(qu谩n)闄�
D銆佸湪灏�(du矛)鍏朵粬椤炵殑寮曠敤涓婏紝涓€鍊�(g猫)灏�(du矛)璞″皪(du矛)鍏朵粬灏�(du矛)璞$殑寮曠敤鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)闄嶅埌鏈€浣�
鍙冭€冭В鏋愶細
銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€�C
銆愮瓟妗堝垎鏋愩€�
闈㈠悜?q奴)慰绗(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍘熷墖鍖呮嫭锛�
鍠竴鑱疯铂(z茅)鍘熷墖:瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐩殑鍠竴鐨勯銆�
闁嬫斁-灏侀枆鍘熷墖:灏�(du矛)鎿�(ku貌)灞曢枊鏀�锛屽皪(du矛)淇敼灏侀枆銆�
鏉庢皬(Liskov)鏇挎彌鍘熷墖:瀛愰鍙互鏇挎彌鐖堕銆�
渚濊炒鍊掔疆鍘熷墖:瑕佷緷璩翠簬鎶借薄锛岃€屼笉鏄叿楂斿(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n);閲濆皪(du矛)鎺ュ彛绶ㄧ▼锛岃€屼笉鏄嚌灏�(du矛)瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)绶ㄧ▼銆�
鎺ュ彛闅旈洟鍘熷墖:浣跨敤澶氬€�(g猫)灏堥杸鐨勬帴鍙f瘮浣跨敤鍠竴鐨勭附鎺ュ彛瑕佸ソ銆�
绲勫悎閲嶇敤鍘熷墖:瑕佺洝閲忎娇鐢ㄧ祫鍚�锛岃€屼笉鏄辜鎵块棞(gu膩n)绯婚仈(d谩)鍒伴噸鐢ㄧ洰鐨勩€�
杩背鐗�(Demeter)娉曞墖(鏈€灏戠煡璀�(sh铆)鍘熷墖):涓€鍊�(g猫)灏�(du矛)璞℃噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)灏�(du矛)鍏朵粬灏�(du矛)璞℃湁鐩″彲鑳藉皯鐨勪簡瑙�銆�
杩背鐗规硶鍓囩殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ簴(zh菙n)鍓囷細
1)鍦ㄩ鐨勫妰鍒嗕笂锛屾噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鍓�(chu脿ng)寤烘湁寮辫€﹀悎鐨勯銆傞涔嬮枔鐨勮€﹀悎瓒婂急锛屽氨瓒婃湁鍒╀簬寰�(f霉)鐢�銆�
2) 鍦ㄩ鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)涓婏紝姣忎竴鍊�(g猫)椤為兘鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鐩¢噺闄嶄綆鎴愬摗鐨勮í鍟忔瑠(qu谩n)闄�銆備竴鍊�(g猫)椤炰笉鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)public鑷繁鐨勫爆鎬�锛岃€屾噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)閫氶亷鎻愪緵鍙栧€煎拰璩﹀€肩殑鏂规硶璁撳鐣岄枔鎺ヨí鍟忚嚜宸辩殑灞€�銆�
3) 鍦ㄩ鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)涓婏紝鍙鏈夊彲鑳�锛屼竴鍊�(g猫)椤炴噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鎴愪笉璁婇銆�
4)鍦ㄥ皪(du矛)鍏朵粬灏�(du矛)璞$殑寮曠敤涓�锛屼竴鍊�(g猫)椤炲皪(du矛)鍏朵粬灏�(du矛)璞$殑寮曠敤鎳�(y墨ng)瑭查檷鍒版渶浣庛€�
鍏朵腑杩背鐗规硶鍓囩殑涓昏鐞嗗康鏄畵涓€鍊�(g猫)灏�(du矛)璞$洝鍙兘灏戝湴浜嗚В鍏朵粬灏�(du矛)璞�锛岄€欐ǎ锛屽氨鑳界洝鍙兘灏戝湴鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熼仌瑕�(gu墨)鎿嶄綔锛岃畵瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍑轰締鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鏇寸┅(w臎n)瀹�銆傚湪鏈涓�锛孋閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鎻愬埌“鐩″彲鑳芥彁楂樺皪(du矛)鍏跺爆鎬у拰鏂规硶鐨勮í鍟忔瑠(qu谩n)闄�”閬曡儗浜嗚开绫崇壒娉曞墖銆�
绗�3椤�(鍠伕椤�)锛�
鎺涙帴鍦ㄧ附绶氫笂鐨勫鍊�(g猫)閮ㄤ欢锛�()銆�
A銆佸彧鑳藉垎鏅�(sh铆)鍚戠附绶氱櫦(f膩)閫佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛屽苟鍙兘鍒嗘檪(sh铆)寰炵附绶氭帴鏀舵暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)
B銆佸彧鑳藉垎鏅�(sh铆)鍚戠附绶氱櫦(f膩)閫佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛屼絾鍙悓鏅�(sh铆)寰炵附绶氭帴鏀舵暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)
C銆佸彲鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍚戠附绶氱櫦(f膩)閫佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛屽苟鍚屾檪(sh铆)寰炵附绶氭帴鏀舵暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)
D銆佸彲鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍚戠附绶氱櫦(f膩)閫佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛屼絾鍙兘鍒嗘檪(sh铆)寰炵附绶氭帴鏀舵暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)
鍙冭€冭В鏋愶細
銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€�B
銆愮瓟妗堝垎鏋愩€�
鏈鑰冩煡鑰冪敓灏�(du矛)绺界窔姒傚康鐨勭悊瑙�銆�
绺界窔鏄竴鍊�(g猫)澶у閮借兘浣跨敤鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几閫氶亾锛屽ぇ瀹堕兘鍙互浣跨敤閫欏€�(g猫)閫氶亾锛屼絾鐧�(f膩)閫佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏅�(sh铆)锛屾槸閲囩敤鐨勫垎鏅�(sh铆)姗�(j墨)鍒�锛岃€屾帴鏀舵暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏅�(sh铆)鍙互鍚屾檪(sh铆)鎺ユ敹锛屼篃灏辨槸瑾紝鍚屼竴鍊�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛屽彲浠ュ苟琛岀殑琚鍊�(g猫)瀹㈡埗鏀跺彇銆傚鏋滆┎鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)涓嶆槸鍌崇郸鑷繁鐨勶紝鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍖呭皣琚笩妫�銆�
绗�4椤�(鍠伕椤�)锛�
鐗瑰畾闋�(l菒ng)鍩熻粺浠舵灦妲�(g貌u)(DSSA)鏄湪涓€鍊�(g猫)鐗瑰畾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ牁(l菒ng)鍩�?y脿n)姗愬敜M鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ彁渚涚祫绻旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙冭€冪殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)杌熶欢鏋舵(g貌u)銆傚(sh铆)鏂紻SSA鐨勯亷绋嬩腑鍖呮嫭涓€绯诲垪鍩烘湰鐨勬椿鍕�(d貌ng)锛屽叾涓�()娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鐨勪富瑕佺洰鐨勬槸鐐轰簡鐛插緱DSSA銆傝┎娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鍙冨姞浜哄摗涓�锛�()鐨勪富瑕佷换鍕�(w霉)鏄彁渚涢棞(gu膩n)浜庨牁(l菒ng)鍩熶腑绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯渶姹傝(gu墨)绱勫拰瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勭煡璀�(sh铆)銆�
鍟忛1锛�
A銆侀牁(l菒ng)鍩熼渶姹�
B銆侀牁(l菒ng)鍩熷垎鏋�
C銆侀牁(l菒ng)鍩熻ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)
D銆侀牁(l菒ng)鍩�?q奴)宕縁(xi脿n)
鍟忛2锛�
A銆侀牁(l菒ng)鍩�?q奴)锛�?/p>
B銆侀牁(l菒ng)鍩熷垎鏋愯€�
C銆侀牁(l菒ng)鍩熻ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鑰�
D銆侀牁(l菒ng)鍩�?q奴)宕縁(xi脿n)鑰�
鍙冭€冭В鏋愶細
銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€�
鍟忛涓€锛�C
鍟忛浜岋細A
銆愮瓟妗堝垎鏋愩€�
鏈涓昏鑰冩煡鐗瑰畾闋�(l菒ng)鍩熻粺浠舵灦妲�(g貌u)鐨勫熀鏈畾缇╁拰鍩烘湰娲诲嫊(d貌ng)銆傜壒瀹氶牁(l菒ng)鍩熻粺浠舵灦妲�(g貌u)(DSSA)鏄湪涓€鍊�(g猫)鐗瑰畾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ牁(l菒ng)鍩�?y脿n)姗愬敜M鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ彁渚涚祫绻旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙冭€冪殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)杌熶欢鏋舵(g貌u)銆傚(sh铆)鏂紻SSA鐨勯亷绋嬩腑鍖呮嫭涓€绯诲垪鍩烘湰鐨勬椿鍕�(d貌ng)锛屽叾涓牁(l菒ng)鍩熻ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鐨勪富瑕佺洰鐨勬槸鐐轰簡鐛插緱DSSA銆傝┎娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鍙冨姞浜哄摗涓�锛岄牁(l菒ng)鍩�?q奴)锛滀笟闂归顎ц澘?w霉)鏄彁渚涢棞(gu膩n)浜庨牁(l菒ng)鍩熶腑绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯渶姹傝(gu墨)绱勫拰瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勭煡璀�(sh铆)銆�
绗�5椤�(鍠伕椤�)锛�
鐢ㄤ緥(use case)鐢ㄤ締鎻忚堪绯荤当(t菕ng)灏�(du矛)浜嬩欢鍋氬嚭闊挎噳(y墨ng)鏅�(sh铆)鎵€閲囧彇鐨勮鍕�(d貌ng)銆傜敤渚嬩箣闁撴槸鍏锋湁鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎬х殑銆傚湪涓€鍊�(g猫)“瑷傚柈杓稿叆瀛愮郴绲�(t菕ng)"涓�锛屽壍(chu脿ng)寤烘柊瑷傚柈鍜屾洿鏂拌▊鍠兘闇€瑕佹牳鏌ョ敤鎴跺赋铏�(h脿o)鏄惁姝g⒑銆傜敤渚�“鍓�(chu脿ng)寤烘柊瑷傚柈”銆�“鏇存柊瑷傚柈”鑸囩敤渚�“鏍告煡瀹㈡埗甯宠櫉(h脿o)"涔嬮枔鏄�()闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�
A銆佸寘鍚�(include)
B銆佹摯(ku貌)灞� (extend)
C銆佸垎椤�(classification)
D銆佽仛闆�(aggregation)
鍙冭€冭В鏋愶細
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