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銆€銆€The Role of Pressure Groups in Britain

銆€銆€General Elections in Britain are usually held only once every five years.Governments can seem to be remote from the people they represent.The process of protesting about government actions is very slow,even though everyone is permitted direct contact to their member of Parliament.(46)

銆€銆€Pressure groups will seek to influence those who have political power,such as members of Parliament.(47) If members of a pressure group feel that there is public support from outside their group for their demands,they will tell members of Parliament about this.

銆€銆€Pressure groups will thus seek to get support from the public.A powerful way of doing this is by making use of the mass media.(48) Meanwhile,the group will have to be sure of its facts,and fact-finding is thus an important part of its work.Up-to-date information can be made known to members of Parliament and to the general public.

銆€銆€Pressure groups will not only seek to make their causes known to government,but also try to inform and influence the public.(49)

銆€銆€Pressure groups may support political parties,but will lay stress only on some of their policies.For instance,the Monday Club will support the more right-wing policies of the Conservative Party.(50)

銆€銆€A.A good example of this sort of activity is provided by the educational work of "Shelter",which fights for better housing for poor people.

銆€銆€B.They will want to tell them what policy their interest demands.

銆€銆€C.For all these reasons there is something of a vacuum between government and the governed,which pressure groups help to fill.

銆€銆€D.There can also be public meetings,demonstrations,etc.

銆€銆€E.Governments always stay close to the people.

銆€銆€F.However,a pressure group is not a political party,because it does not seek complete or continuous political power.

銆€銆€绛旀锛欳 B D A F

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銆€銆€Success Stories

銆€銆€One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton.The Benetton family opened their first shop in Italy in 1968.(46) Benetton followed four marketing principles in order to achieve their success.

銆€銆€The first principle is Consumer Concept.To build a successful business,you have to develop products around things people value,especially quality.(47) He created clothes to match people's wants: the style is casual;the colors and patterns are bold;and the quality is excellent.

銆€銆€The System Link is another feature of good marketing.For Benetton,this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes.

銆€銆€(48)The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to people's demands.(49) This information is then sent to the main office in Italy.Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them;it can also identify less popular products and stop making them.

銆€銆€A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link.There are Benentton stores in countries around the world.All the stores have the same clothing,the same window displays,and the same approach to sales.(50)

銆€銆€The things people like about Benetton stores are that the quality is always high and the prices are generally low.And that spells success.

銆€銆€A.The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wanted.

銆€銆€B.There used to be a good reason for this.

銆€銆€C.When something is sold at a Benetton store,the store records information about the type,size,and color of the item.

銆€銆€D.Today,there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.

銆€銆€E.This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.

銆€銆€F.In other words,Benetton's clothes are made to order.

銆€銆€绛旀锛欴 A F C E

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