鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍℃彁渚� 鍏嶈不闋�(y霉)绱勭煭淇℃彁閱�鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛屽眴鏅傛渻鍙婃檪閫氱煡鎮�2021骞翠笅鍗婂勾缈昏璩囨牸鑰冭│婧�(zh菙n)鑰冭瓑鎵撳嵃鏅傞枔銆佽€冭│鏅傞枔绛夐噸瑕佷俊鎭�!绶ㄨ集鎺ㄨ枽锛�2021骞寸炕璀硣鏍艰€冭│涓夌礆鍙ｈ娓│椤屽尟绺�銆�

People may one day drill for copper as they now drill for oil

涔熻ū鏈変竴澶�锛屼汉鍊戞渻鍍忕従(xi脿n)鍦ㄩ枊閲囩煶娌逛竴妯ｉ枊閲囬妳

Copper was the first metal worked by human beings. They hammered it into jewellery and ornaments as much as 11,000 years ago. Today, Homo sapiens uses more than 20m tonnes of the stuff a year, much of it in buildings and electrical infrastructure. More will be required in coming decades, to meet the need for widespread electrification brought about by the transition to less carbon-intensive economies. Copper is an essential part of batteries, motors and charging equipment. Solar and wind installations use more copper than their fossil-fuel counterparts, and electric vehicles contain four times more copper than do cars with combustion engines.

閵呮槸浜洪鏈€鏃╁姞宸ョ殑閲戝爆銆傛棭鍦�11000骞村墠锛屼汉鍊戝氨鎶婂畠閷樻垚鐝犲鍜岃椋惧搧銆傚浠�锛屾櫤浜烘瘡骞翠娇鐢ㄨ秴閬�2000钀櫢鐨勭█鍦�锛屽叾涓ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐢ㄤ簬寤虹瓚鍜岄浕鍔涘熀绀�(ch菙)瑷�(sh猫)鏂姐€傛湭渚嗗咕鍗佸勾锛岀偤浜嗘豢瓒冲悜浣庣⒊瀵嗛泦鍨嬬稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)杞�(zhu菐n)鍨嬫墍甯朵締鐨勫唬娉涢浕姘ｅ寲鐨勯渶瑕�锛岄倓闇€瑕佹洿澶氱殑闆诲姏銆傞妳鏄浕姹�銆侀浕姗�(j墨)鍜屽厖闆昏ō(sh猫)鍌欑殑閲嶈绲勬垚閮ㄥ垎銆傚お闄借兘鍜岄ⅷ(f膿ng)鑳借缃姣斿寲鐭崇噧鏂欎娇鐢ㄦ洿澶氱殑閵咃紝闆诲嫊姹借粖鍚妳閲忔槸鍏�(n猫i)鐕冩(j墨)姹借粖鐨勫洓鍊�銆�

This has spurred interest in new sources of the metal, most of which comes at the moment from rocks dug out of vast opencast mines that are then ground up and processed to release the copper they contain, typically about 1% of their mass.

閫欐縺鐧�(f膩)浜嗕汉鍊戝皪閵呯殑鏂扮殑渚嗘簮鐨勮垐瓒�锛岀洰鍓嶅ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐨勯妳渚嗚嚜浜庡緸澶у瀷闇插ぉ绀﹀北涓寲鎺樺嚭渚嗙殑宸栫煶锛岀劧鍚庡皣鍏剁⒕纰庡姞宸ワ紝閲嬫斁鍑哄叾涓墍鍚殑閵�锛屼竴鑸磩鐐哄叾璩�(zh矛)閲忕殑1%銆�

Metal-rich nodules scattered across various parts of the ocean floor are a possibility. But exploiting these brings technological and regulatory difficulties, and is in any case controversial because of the damage it would do to deep-ocean ecosystems. Jon Blundy of Oxford University, however, offers an alternative. This is to extract, from deep under Earth's surface, the mineral-rich brines from which ores of copper and other valuable metals are generated in the first place. As Dr Blundy points out, "pretty much all of the non-ferrous natural resources that we exploit come ultimately from ancient volcanoes."

鏈変竴绋彲鑳界殑渚嗘簮鏄垎甯冨湪娴峰簳鍚勮檿鐨勫瘜鍚噾灞殑绲�(ji茅)鏍�銆備絾鏄埄鐢ㄥ畠鍊戞渻甯朵締鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍜岀鐞嗕笂鐨勫洶闆�锛岃€屼笖鐒¤珫濡備綍閮藉叿鏈夌埈璀�锛屽洜鐐烘渻灏嶆繁娴风敓鎱�(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)閫犳垚鐮村銆傜劧鑰�锛岀墰娲ュぇ瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫柆鎭�·甯冨€开閬告彁渚涗簡鍙︿竴绋伕鎿囷細棣栧厛寰炲湴鐞冭〃闈㈡繁铏曟彁鍙栧瘜鍚う鐗╃殑楣垫按锛屽緸楣垫按涓敘(ch菐n)鐢熼妳鍜屽叾浠栨湁鍍瑰€肩殑閲戝爆銆傛濡傚竷鍊开鍗氬＋鎸囧嚭鐨勯偅妯�锛�“骞句箮鎵€鏈変汉椤為枊鐧�(f膩)鐨勬湁鑹茶嚜鐒惰硣婧愭渶绲傞兘渚嗚嚜鍙や唬鐏北銆�”

In particular, in 2015, he and his colleagues worked out the chemical details of how copper-sulphide ores form when sulphur-rich gases rise through the plumbing of active volcanoes and encounter metalrich brines trapped in rocks sitting just above pockets of magma. Modern mining operations dig up examples of these ores that formed millions or billions of years ago. Dr Blundy proposes instead to cut out the middleman and go straight to the deep copper-rich fluids themselves.

鐗瑰垾鏄湪2015骞�锛屼粬鍜屽悓浜嬪€戠爺绌跺嚭浜嗙暥(d膩ng)瀵岀～姘ｉ珨閫氶亷娲荤伀灞辩殑绠￠亾涓婂崌锛岄亣鍒板洶鍦ㄥ窎婕垮彛琚嬩笂鏂瑰窎鐭充腑瀵屽惈閲戝爆鐨勯沟姘存檪閵呯～鍖栫墿绀︾煶褰㈡垚鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)銆傜従(xi脿n)浠ｉ噰绀︿綔妤�(y猫)鎸栨帢鍑洪€欎簺褰㈡垚浜庢暩(sh霉)鐧捐惉鐢氳嚦鏁�(sh霉)鍗佸剟骞村墠鐨勭う鐭�銆傜浉鍙嶏紝甯冨€开鍗氬＋寤鸿鐪佸幓涓枔姝ラ锛岀洿鎺ラ€�(j矛n)鍏ュ瘜鍚妳鐨勬繁灞ゆ恫楂斻€�

浠ヤ笂鏄�“2021骞寸炕璀硣鏍艰€冭│涓夌礆鍙ｈ娓│椤岋紙12锛�”鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛屽皬绶ㄧ偤澶у鏁寸悊姝峰勾缈昏璩囨牸鑰冭│澶х侗銆佹暀鏉愯畩鍕曘€佸悇绉戞ā鎿│椤�銆佹骞寸湡椤岃В鏋愮瓑鍌欒€冭硣鏂欙紝鍙互榛炴搳涓嬫柟鎸夐垥“鍏嶈不涓嬭級”锛屾洿澶氱炕璀硣鏍艰嫳瑾炶€冭│璩囨枡鎸佺簩(x霉)鏇存柊涓�锛�