2019年翻譯資格考試catti三級筆譯實務(wù)試題十

貿(mào)易保護主義考驗全球經(jīng)濟

2000年全球共有反傾銷案251起，略高于20世紀(jì)90年代年均232起的數(shù)字。但是， 2001年，反傾銷案件猛增到創(chuàng)記錄的348起。這個的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字表明貿(mào)易保護主義正在迅速 蔓延，并日益成為國際貿(mào)易中一個嚴(yán)重的問題。

事實表明，一旦經(jīng)濟陷入衰退，貿(mào)易保護主義就會抬頭。2002年3月20日，美國正式 啟動201祭款，對進口鋼材加征30%的進口關(guān)稅，這就是貿(mào)易保護主義的最好例證。 第三單元經(jīng)濟發(fā)展Economy

美國鋼鐵業(yè)由于自身的結(jié)構(gòu)問題，再加上本國經(jīng)濟蕭條的打擊，許多鋼鐵公司紛紛倒 閉。出于政治上的原因，布什政府揮起了“鋼鐵大棒”，保護本國的鋼鐵業(yè)，引發(fā)了鋼材出 口國的強烈不滿。

美國是發(fā)起對外反傾銷案最多的國家，其次是加拿大、印度和歐盟。而中國則是反傾銷 案最主要的打擊目標(biāo)之一。

反傾銷調(diào)查最終經(jīng)常會導(dǎo)致加征進口稅，目的在于增加出口商的銷售成本，保護本國產(chǎn) 品的競爭力。雖然很多實施反傾銷行動的國家宣稱他們的行為是合法的，但是無可否認(rèn)，反 傾銷的根本目的是保護本國競爭力低下的生產(chǎn)者。

美國的201條款還不同于普通的反傾銷、反補貼措施，它不要求調(diào)查出口國是否進行了 不公平的貿(mào)易活動，只要求對國內(nèi)相關(guān)行業(yè)是否因進口增加而受損進行調(diào)查即可。這種緊急 保護措施較普通的反傾銷更隨意，也更為嚴(yán)厲。

結(jié)果，歐盟、日本、韓國等國都在世界貿(mào)易組織向美國提出起訴，并準(zhǔn)備采取緊急保護 措施。貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)可能會從鋼鐵擴展到其他產(chǎn)業(yè)，而全球貿(mào)易的穩(wěn)定將經(jīng)受新一輪的考驗。

答案

World Economy Tested by Trade Protectionism

There were 251 anti-dumping cases put on file throughout the world in 2000, a slightly higher number than the annual average of 232 cases throughout the 1990s. In the single year of 2001, however, the number suddenly rose to a record high of 348, indicating a rapid spread of trade protectionism, an increasingly serious problem in world trade.

Trade protectionism begins to prevail when economic depression occurs. The best proof of this was the U. S. Trade and Tariff Act's Section 201, which was made effective on March 20, 2002, and imposed a 300/o ad valorem duty on imported steel.

Due to structural problems in the domestic steel industry and the negative impact of economic depression in the United States, many U.S. steel producers went bankrupt. For political reasons, the Bush Administration began to rely on its "Steel Stick" to protect the domestic steel industry, a move strongly opposed by many steel-exporting countries.

The United States ranks first in taking anti-dumping cases against other countries, and is followed by Canada, India and the European Union. China is one of the main target countries of anti-dumping actions.

Anti-dumping investigations often end in an increase in duties, with the aim of raising exporters' sales costs to protect the competitiveness of domestic goods. Most countries allege legal validity in their anti-dumping actions. The ultimate purpose, however, is to protect domestic producers that are less competitive.

Section 201 differs from ordinary anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measure in that it does not require an investigation into the alleged unfair trade activities by the exporting country. Instead it only requires an investigation into whether the domestic industry is injured by the increase in imported goods. This protective measure taken in an urgent situation is more random and severe than ordinary anti-dumping actions.

As a result, the European Union, Japan and South Korea have brought accusations against the U.S. to the WTO and are ready to take urgent protective measures. As it is likely that the trade war in the steel industry will spread to other industries, world trade stability will be subject to another round of trials and tribulations.