2021年翻譯資格考試三級口譯測試題（2）

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This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

這里是科學(xué)美國人——60秒科學(xué)系列，我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

Ten thousand years ago, the Sahara had extensive grasslands and was dotted with lakes and trees.

一萬年前，撒哈拉擁有廣闊的草原，遍布湖泊和樹木。

But some 5,000 years ago, that "Green Sahara" dried up to become the enormous desert we know today.

但大約5000年前，“綠色撒哈拉”干涸成我們今天所知的巨大沙漠。

And scientists now think that this climate shift had effects far away—including causing a megadrought in Southeast Asia.

科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，這種氣候變化產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響，包括在東南亞造成特大干旱。

Kathleen R. Johnson, a paleoclimatologist and geochemist at the University of California, Irvine,

凱瑟琳·R·約翰遜是加州大學(xué)歐文分校的古氣候?qū)W家和地球化學(xué)家，

says the key to that discovery were stalagmites collected in a cave in northern Laos.

他表示，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵是在老撾北部洞穴中收集的石筍。

"Stalagmites are really amazing archives of past climate variability.

“石筍非常神奇，它保留著過去氣候變化的記錄。

People are more familiar with things like tree rings and ice cores or ocean sediment cores.

人們更熟悉樹木年輪、冰核或海洋沉積物核等東西。

Well, stalagmites work in a similar way, in that they're deposited over time."

石筍也以類似的方式工作，即隨時間的推移而沉積。”

Johnson's team analyzed trace elements and carbon and oxygen isotopes in the hardened cave drippings.

約翰遜的團隊分析了硬化洞穴水滴中的微量元素和碳氧同位素。

That information enables researchers to determine rainfall patterns over the millennia.

這些信息使研究人員能夠確定幾千年來的降雨模式。

And Johnson and colleagues discovered signs of a 1,000-year-long drought in Laos, which began around the same time the Sahara dried up—about 5,000 years ago.

約翰遜和同事發(fā)現(xiàn)了老撾長達1000的干旱跡象，這場干旱大約始于5000年前，與撒哈拉沙漠干涸的時間差不多。

As for why the two events might be connected?

至于為何這兩個事件可能有關(guān)聯(lián)?

The researchers simulated the drying out of the Sahara using climate models—

研究人員用氣候模型模擬了撒哈拉干旱的過程，

and they included a couple things we know happened, including the subsequent disappearance of vegetation and a connected increase in airborne dust—

他們納入了我們知道已經(jīng)發(fā)生的兩件事情，隨后植被的消失和與之相關(guān)的空氣中灰塵的增加，

and found those variables would have been capable of cooling down the Indian Ocean.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些變量能使印度洋降溫。

"And so those cooler ocean temperatures led to less moisture being brought by monsoon circulation in the summertime, when that region gets most of its rainfall."

“因此，海洋溫度降低導(dǎo)致夏季季風(fēng)環(huán)流帶來的水分減少，而夏季正是該地區(qū)降雨量最多的時候。”

The details are in the journal Nature Communications.

研究詳細信息發(fā)布在《自然通訊》期刊上。

One of Johnson's co-authors is Joyce White, a consulting scholar at the Penn Museum.

約翰遜的合著者之一是賓夕法尼亞博物館的咨詢學(xué)者喬伊斯·懷特。

She studies the human history of Southeast Asia. And her reaction when she first heard about the drought:

她研究東南亞人類史。她第一次聽說這場干旱時的反應(yīng)是：

"I said, 'Oh my God, that's the missing millennia.'"

“我說，‘哦，我的天哪，這是缺失的千年。'”

The "missing millennia" because she says archaeological data is scant in that part of Southeast Asia, from 4,000 to 6,000 years ago.

她稱之為“缺失的千年”是因為，東南亞該地區(qū)4000至6000年前的考古資料缺失。

White says it's a critical period in which hunter-gatherers gave way to farmers.

懷特表示，那是狩獵-采集者讓位給農(nóng)民的關(guān)鍵時期。

"And there are a lot of debates about how the two periods related to each other,

“關(guān)于這兩個時期相互關(guān)聯(lián)的方式存在很多爭論，

but we lacked the evidence in the area I'm most interested in, which is the Mekong Valley."

但在我最感興趣的地區(qū)，即湄公河流域，我們?nèi)狈ψC據(jù)。”

White says this study doesn't answer that question directly—

懷特表示，這項研究并沒有直接回答這個問題，

but the megadrought is a tantalizing new clue for archaeologists as they continue to investigate those "missing millennia."

但對于考古學(xué)家來說，在他們繼續(xù)調(diào)查“缺失的千年”時，這場特大干旱是誘人的新線索。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

謝謝大家收聽科學(xué)美國人——60秒科學(xué)。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亞塔。

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