銆€銆€1锛� 鍙ｈ鐨勫叐绋ā寮�

銆€銆€1锛�1 鍚夌埦妯″紡

銆€銆€钁楀悕鐨勫彛璀爺绌跺(xu茅)鑰咃紝娉曞湅(gu贸)宸撮粠鍦�(gu贸)绔嬫澅鏂硅獮(y菙)瑷€鏂囧寲瑾�(y菙)瑷€瀛�(xu茅)闄㈤珮绛夌炕璀(xu茅)闄㈡暀鎺堝強鍚夌埦鍦ㄥ叾钁椾綔銆婂彛绛嗚瑷�(x霉n)绶寸殑鍩烘湰姒傚康鑸囨ā寮忋€嬶紙 Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training锛変竴鏇镐腑閲濆皪(du矛)鍙ｈ鐨勫伐浣滄柟寮忔彁鍑轰簡鈥滃悓鑱插偝璀殑鍙ｈ妯″紡鈥濊垏鈥滈€ｇ簩(x霉)鍌宠鐨勫彛璀ā寮忊€濓細(Gile,D 1995: 179)

銆€銆€(1) SI=L + M + P + C

銆€銆€鍗筹細鍚岃伈鍌宠(Simultaneous Interpreting)= 鑱�(t墨ng)鍔涜垏鍒嗘瀽(Listening and Analysis) + 鐭湡瑷樻喍(Short-term memory effort) + 瑷€瑾�(y菙)鍌抽仈(d谩)(Speech Production)

銆€銆€(2) Phase I: CI = L + N + M + C

銆€銆€Phase II: CI = Rem + Read + P

銆€銆€鍗筹細閫ｇ簩(x霉)鍌宠(绗竴闅庢)=鑱�(t墨ng)鍔涜垏鍒嗘瀽(Listening and analysis) + 绛嗚(Note-taking) + 鐭湡瑷樻喍(Short-term Memory)+ 鍗�(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)(Coordination)

銆€銆€閫ｇ簩(x霉)鍌宠(绗簩闅庢)=瑷樻喍(Rembering) + 璁€绛嗚(Note-reading)+ 鍌抽仈(d谩)(Production)

銆€銆€鍦ㄤ笂杩版ā寮忎腑锛屽悏鐖鹃棥杩扮殑瀵�(sh铆)闅涗笂鏄悓鑱插偝璀垏閫ｇ簩(x霉)鍌宠鐨勫彛璀亷(gu貌)绋嬨€傚悏鐖惧挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鍦ㄥ彛璀亷(gu貌)绋嬩腑鐞嗚В鐨勯噸瑕佹€�锛屽苟灏堥杸鎻愬嚭浜嗗彛璀殑鐞嗚В妯″紡锛� (Gile,D 1995:80)

銆€銆€C=KL + ELK + A

銆€銆€鍗筹細鐞嗚В(Comprehension)=瑾�(y菙)瑷€鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)(Knowledge for the language)+瑷€澶栫煡璀�(sh铆)(Extra-Linguistic Knowledge)+ 鍒嗘瀽(Analysis)

銆€銆€1.2 寤堥杸澶у(xu茅)妯″紡

銆€銆€寤堥杸澶у(xu茅)妯″紡鏄粓闁€澶у(xu茅)鏋楅儊濡傛暀鎺堝強鑻卞湅(gu贸)瑗挎晱鏂壒澶у(xu茅)锛圲niversity of Westminster 锛夌殑Jack Lonergan鏁欐巿甯堕牁(l菒ng)鐨勨€滀腑鑻辫嫳瑾�(y菙)闋�(xi脿ng)鐩悎浣滃皬绲勨€濇牴鎿�(j霉)鍚夌埦鐨勬ā寮忛€�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ彁鍑虹殑閬╁悎鍙ｈ瑷�(x霉n)绶寸殑妯″紡锛氾紙鏋楅儊濡� 1999锛歺xiv锛�

銆€銆€A(D+CC)

銆€銆€C(SL+K)

銆€銆€R(TL+K)

銆€銆€S+P

銆€銆€I

銆€銆€寤堥杸澶у(xu茅)鍙ｈ瑷�(x霉n)绶存ā寮�

銆€銆€涓婅堪妯″紡涓�锛孖=Interpreting (鍙ｈ绲�(ji茅)鏋�)銆侫(D+CC) 鍗筹細灏�(du矛)瑾�(y菙)绡�(discourse)鑸囪法鏂囧寲浜ら殯鎴愬垎(Cross-cultural communication)鐨勫垎鏋愶紱C(SL+K)(Comprehension in source language + knowledge)鍗筹細灏�(du矛)鍘熻獮(y菙)鍙婂師瑾�(y菙)瑷€澶栫煡璀�(sh铆)鐨勭悊瑙�锛汼 + P(Skills+Professional Standard)鏄彛璀亷(gu貌)绋嬩腑锛屽彛璀汉鍝￠伒瀹堢殑鑱锋キ(y猫)婧�(zh菙n)鍓囪垏鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑鍙ｈ鎶€宸э紱R(TL + K)(Reconstruction in target language + knowledge)鏄彛璀€呭湪灏�(du矛)鍘熻獮(y菙)鐨勮獮(y菙)瑷€鑸囩煡璀�(sh铆)閫�(j矛n)琛岀悊瑙�銆佸皪(du矛)璺ㄦ枃鍖栦氦闅涚殑鍟�(w猫n)椤屽仛浜嗗垎鏋愪箣鍚庯紝鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ彛璀妧宸у皪(du矛)鍘熻獮(y菙)鐨勪俊鎭湪鐩殑瑾�(y菙)涓€�(j矛n)琛岄噸绲�锛岄€�(j矛n)鑰屽畬鎴愭暣闋�(xi脿ng)鍙ｈ宸ヤ綔銆�

銆€銆€1.3 鍏╃ó妯″紡涔嬫瘮杓�

銆€銆€灏�(du矛)姣斿悏鐖炬ā寮忚垏寤堥杸澶у(xu茅)妯″紡锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ョ櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽叐鑰呮湁瑷卞鍏卞悓涔嬭檿锛岄€欏氨鏄叐鑰呴兘寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)瑾�(y菙)瑷€鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鑸囪█澶栫煡璀�(sh铆)鍙婂叾灏�(du矛)鍏╄€呯殑鍒嗘瀽鏄彛璀悊瑙ｇ殑閲嶈鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸紱鍏╁€�(g猫)妯″紡閮藉挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐞嗚В鏄彛璀殑绗竴姝�銆傚悏鐖剧殑妯″紡渚�(l谩i)鑷嚜宸卞骞寸殑瀵�(sh铆)韪愮稉(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)锛屾ā寮忔秹鍙婂埌鐨勫晱(w猫n)椤屾瘮杓冨叿楂�銆佺洿瑙€锛屽皪(du矛)浜庡緸浜嬪彛璀(sh铆)韪愮殑浜烘湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)鐨勬寚灏�(d菐o)浣滅敤銆傚皪(du矛)鍙ｈ閬�(gu貌)绋嬮棥杩扮殑姣旇純娓呮櫚銆佹槑浜嗭紝灏�(du矛)鍙ｈ鎶€宸ф彁鐨勮純鐐哄叿楂�(濡傦細鍙ｈ绛嗚銆佺煭鏈熻鎲剁瓑)銆傝€屽粓闁€澶у(xu茅)妯″紡鍓囪純鐐哄畯瑙€锛屽粓闁€澶у(xu茅)妯″紡浠ユ妧宸ц垏鑱锋キ(y猫)婧�(zh菙n)鍓囩偤瑷�(x霉n)绶存牳蹇�锛屽挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鍙ｈ閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑灏�(du矛)瑾�(y菙)瑷€鍙婅█澶栫煡璀�(sh铆)鐨勭悊瑙ｃ€佽獮(y菙)绡囪垏璺ㄦ枃鍖栦氦闅涘洜绱犵殑鍒嗘瀽鍙婅獮(y菙)瑷€淇℃伅鍙婄煡璀�(sh铆)鐨勯噸绲�銆傚挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鎶€宸х殑閲嶈鎬э紝绲﹀彛璀煿瑷�(x霉n)鑰呮彁鍑轰簡閲嶈鐨勫暉绀�锛屽嵆鍙ｈ瑷�(x霉n)绶存噳(y墨ng)浠ユ妧宸�(鎶€鑳�)瑷�(x霉n)绶寸偤涓�銆備笂杩板叐绋ā寮忓皪(du矛)鍙ｈ宸ヤ綔浜哄摗鍙婂彛璀〒(x霉n)绶磋€呴兘鏈変竴瀹氱殑鎸囧皫(d菐o)浣滅敤锛� 灏�(du矛)鍙ｈ瑷�(x霉n)绶寸殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€佹柟娉曞強鍙ｈ瑾茬殑瑾茬▼瑷�(sh猫)缃兘鍏锋湁涓€瀹氱殑鎸囧皫(d菐o)浣滅敤銆�