中高級翻譯英譯漢技巧講解（4）定語從句翻譯

　　定語從句在英語中大量出現(xiàn).有長有短,結(jié)構(gòu)有繁有簡,對先行詞的限制有強有弱,有時起著補充說明的作用,或者在邏輯上表示原因,目的,條件,讓步和結(jié)果等等意義.因此對定語從句的翻譯顯得尤其重要,以下我將介紹給大家一些定語從句翻譯的技巧

　　1) 壓縮法

　　把英語的定語從句壓縮成漢語的一個句子成分,也就是譯成漢語中帶"的"詞組,當(dāng)定語從句叫簡短,則把這個帶"的"漢語定語詞組置于被修辭的詞語之前

　　No doubt there are questions or principles involved which can not be ignored and underestimated.

　　無疑,這里涉及人們不能忽視或低估的原則問題

　　Law offers us our best hope of overcoming the differences that prevail the world.

　　法律使我們對克服世界上普遍存在的分歧有了最大的希望

　　But Miggle's laugh , which was very infectious , broke the silence.

　　但是,密格爾的富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉默

　　The deterioration of the international situation , which I noted in the introduction to the annual report last year , has continued.

　　我在去年的年度報告導(dǎo)言中提到的那種國際形勢的惡化一直在繼續(xù)

　　2) 拆譯法

　　如果定語從句冗長復(fù)雜,不論是限制性的或是非限制性的,往往可以譯成并列句,放在主句的前后,偶爾還可以完全脫離主句而獨立成句

　　He will show her the place where they could make her look a proper dame----for next to nothing .

　　他可以帶她到那個地方,在哪兒他們會把她打扮成一個漂亮的少女,而且花不了幾個錢

　　I told the news to Robert, who told it to his friend Larry and soon the news spread all over the campus.

　　我把消息告訴了羅伯特,他又告訴了他的朋友萊里,消息很快在校園里傳開了

　　They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which in the past ,many Chinese have laid down their lives.

　　他們在為實現(xiàn)一個理想而奮斗,這個理想是每個中國人所珍愛的,許多中國人曾為之獻(xiàn)出自己的生命

　　He had talked to Vice-President Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.

　　他和副總統(tǒng)尼克松談過話,副總統(tǒng)向他保證,凡是能夠做到的,一定盡力去辦.

　　3) 轉(zhuǎn)譯法

　　英語中有些定語從句在邏輯上對主句起著狀語的作用,說明原因,目的,結(jié)果,條件和讓步等等關(guān)系.漢譯時應(yīng)從原文的字里行間審定這些邏輯關(guān)系,然后譯成漢語相應(yīng)的偏正復(fù)句.

　　The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships , which require assistance of tugboats.

　　罷工使遠(yuǎn)洋輪不能靠岸,因為靠岸需要拖船的幫助

　　Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries , who will negotiate trade agreement with the respective government.

　　中國派出貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)前往非洲各國,以便與這些國家的政府商談貿(mào)易協(xié)定

　　My uncle , who will be seventy tomorrow , is still a keen sportsman .

　　盡管我大伯明天就滿70歲了,但他仍然熱衷于戶外運動

中高級翻譯英譯漢使用技巧講解（1）翻譯練習(xí)

中高級翻譯英譯漢使用技巧講解（2）

中高級翻譯英譯漢使用技巧講解（3）代詞的翻譯

2010年下半年翻譯考試指南   環(huán)球英語網(wǎng)校翻譯資格網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)課程

　　<補充材料>

　　So, let us , in these next five days , start a long march together , not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goal , the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation ,large or small , has a right to determine its own form of government , free from outside interference or domination.

　　因此,讓我們在今后的5天里一起開始一次長征吧,不是在一起邁步,而是在不同的道路上向著同一個目標(biāo)前進(jìn).這個目標(biāo)就是建立一個和平和正義的世界結(jié)構(gòu),使所有的人都在一起享有同等的尊嚴(yán),使每一個國家,不論大小,都有權(quán)決定自己政府的形式,而不受外來的干涉和統(tǒng)治.

　　THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS

　　The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to date as far back as the time of Roger Bacon , the wonderful monk and philosopher of Oxford , who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the middle ages to assert that we must learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us ,and he himself made many remarkable discoveries. Galileo, however , who lived more than 300 years later(1564 to 1642), was the greatest of several great men , who in Italy, France , Germany , or England , began by degrees to show how many important truths could be discovered by well-directed observation. Before the time of Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fall more rapidly towards the earth than small ones , because Aristotle said so . But Galileo, going to the top of the leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two unequal stones , and proved to some friends , whom he had brought there to see his experiment, that Aristotle was in error. It is Galileo's spirit of going direct to Nature, and verifying our opinions and theories by experiment , that has led to all the great discoveries of modern science.

　　科學(xué)實驗的重要性現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起也許要追溯到羅杰.培根的時代.羅杰,培根是牛津杰出的僧侶和哲學(xué)家,他出生于1214年,死于1292年.他可能是中世紀(jì)第一個提出我們必須通過對周圍事物進(jìn)行觀察和實驗來學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的人,他自己也有許多卓越的發(fā)現(xiàn).然而,生活在三百多年之后的伽利略(1564-1642),卻是好幾個偉大人物中最偉大的一個,這些人在意大利,法國,德國和英國開始逐步使人們看到許多重要的真理是可以通過掌握得當(dāng)?shù)挠^察去發(fā)現(xiàn)的,在伽利略之前,學(xué)者們相信大的物體掉到地面比小的物體要快,因為亞里士多德是這樣說的.可是,伽利略登上比薩斜塔的頂端,讓兩塊體積不相等的石頭同時落地,從而向一些他帶去觀看實驗的朋友們證明亞里士多德錯了.正是伽利略的這種直接到大自然中去通過實驗來證明我們的判斷和理論的精神,導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)

中高級翻譯英譯漢使用技巧講解（1）翻譯練習(xí)

中高級翻譯英譯漢使用技巧講解（2）

中高級翻譯英譯漢使用技巧講解（3）代詞的翻譯

2010年下半年翻譯考試指南   環(huán)球英語網(wǎng)校翻譯資格網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)課程