中高級口譯之黃金原則完整版

　　1、動賓連接原則

　　Those potent weapons for deflecting pitches that offer everything from bigger body parts to lower mortgage rates have attracted the ire of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and mass marketers。 deflect: 打擊 轉(zhuǎn)變原定行動步驟

　　2、時態(tài)原則

　　中華民族歷來愛好自由和和平。

　　The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.

　　The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.

　　The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.

　　中國過去是、現(xiàn)在是、將來是……

　　中國人民更深感自由與和平的珍貴。

　　The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.

　　3、主語確定原則

　　比如強調(diào)仁愛、強調(diào)群體、強調(diào)天下為公，特別是“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”的愛國情操。

　　For example, they lay emphasis on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, and on the idea that all under heaven are equal, especially on patriotism as embodied in the saying, “everybody is responsible for the fate of the country.”

　　4、謂語最小化原則

　　將動詞變成名詞

　　使用帶有to的目的狀語

　　使用介詞短語(with，for)

　　使用分詞短語

　　使用帶有which的非限制性定語從句

　　今年的亞太經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易合作組織會議將主要側(cè)重兩個方面：一是加強亞太經(jīng)合組織成員之間的合作，共同應(yīng)對可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟衰退，重樹信心;二是繼續(xù)推進亞太經(jīng)合組織貿(mào)易投資自由化進程，推動世界貿(mào)易組織盡早開始新一輪談判。

　　The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.

　　5、動賓換序原則

　　The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.

　　在新千年，經(jīng)濟重心將向亞洲轉(zhuǎn)移，中國將迅速崛起，世界其他地區(qū)將不得不對此做出反應(yīng)。

　　6、句群邏輯關(guān)系原則

　　經(jīng)過二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，社會保持穩(wěn)定，市場經(jīng)濟體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟持續(xù)快速增長創(chuàng)造了有利的市場環(huán)境。

　　Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.

　　1972年聯(lián)合國人類環(huán)境會議以來，盡管國際社會做出了巨大努力，但全球環(huán)境仍在持續(xù)惡化，成為人類面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)，而快速發(fā)展的全球化更使環(huán)境形勢日益復(fù)雜。

　　全球環(huán)境仍在持續(xù)惡化

　　快速發(fā)展的全球化更使環(huán)境形勢日益復(fù)雜

　　日益惡化的環(huán)境問題成為人類面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)

　　Since the UN Conference on the Human Environment has been steadily deteriorating. The acceleration of globalization has compounded environmental degradation. These are challenges common to all human beings. 亞太地區(qū)各國應(yīng)結(jié)合自身特點，采取適當?shù)暮暧^政策措施，促進本地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，促進全球經(jīng)濟的復(fù)蘇。

　　亞太地區(qū)各國應(yīng)(通過)結(jié)合自身特點，采取適當?shù)暮暧^政策措施的(方式)，(以達到)促進本地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，促進全球經(jīng)濟的復(fù)蘇(的目的)。

　　Countries in the region should promote regional growth as well as global economic recovery by opting for appropriate macro-economic policies and measures suited to their own conditions.

　　為此，中國將鼓勵創(chuàng)新，加快商業(yè)化、工業(yè)化和國家化的進程。

　　為此，中國將鼓勵創(chuàng)新，(以此來)加快商業(yè)化、工業(yè)化和國家化的進程。

　　For this purpose, China will encourage innovation to accelerate the process of commercialization, industrialization and internationalization.

　　中國提出了建設(shè)和諧世界的理念，也將為達到這個目標努力奮斗。

　　(既然)中國提出了建設(shè)和諧世界的理念，(中國)也將為達到這個目標努力奮斗。

　　As/Since China has put forward the concept of building a harmonious world, it will also strive hard to attain this goal.

　　In putting forward the concept of building a harmonious world, China will also strive to attain this goal.

　　7、連接原則

　　書無所不讀，全無所惑，并不著急，教書做事，均甚認真，往往吃虧，也不后悔。

　　Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs and have no regret for suffering losses.

　　奧運會會徽，不僅是國際奧林匹克運動和奧運會形象品牌的重要載體，而且體現(xiàn)了奧運會舉辦城市獨特的文化魅力，體現(xiàn)了奧運會舉辦國家的民族性格和精神風(fēng)貌。

　　The emblem of the Olympic Games, in particular, is not only an important representation of the Olympic Movement and the Olympic brand, but also a demonstration of the charm of the host city’s unique culture and its national character and spirit.

　　最近，中國國家主席胡錦濤在聯(lián)合國首腦大會上提出了努力建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界的主張。

　　Recently, Chinese President Hu Jintao put forward his proposal at the United Nations Summit for striving to build a harmonious world characterized by lasting peace and common prosperity.

　　8、減少of原則

　　中國的富強和發(fā)展不會對任何國家構(gòu)成威脅。

　　A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.

　　我們之間關(guān)系的發(fā)展，使我們不僅成為親密的朋友，而且成為兄弟。

　　Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.

　　9、名詞詞組與分句互譯原則

　　They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.

　　基金會提供了一種方式，可以讓有錢人和大公司能實際支配花去稅款的方式。

　　10、要詞原則

　　Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.

　　亞洲國家的經(jīng)濟總量將超過其他國家地區(qū)的總和。

　　Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.

　　這些國家雖然呈現(xiàn)出欣欣向榮的態(tài)勢，但其中還有許多處于極端貧窮的弱勢人口，還有少部分人口極端富有。

　　11、詞語推敲原則

　　中國的發(fā)展不會妨礙任何人。

　　obstruct: deliberately prevent (sb/sth) from making progress; put difficulties in the way of (sb/sth) “故意”妨礙

　　eg. Don’t obstruct the police in the course of their duty.

　　不要妨礙警方執(zhí)行公務(wù)。

　　interfere (with sb): distract or hinder sb 干擾、妨礙

　　eg. Don’t inferfere with him while he’s working.

　　他工作的時候不要干擾他。

　　中國的發(fā)展不會妨礙任何人。

　　hinder: prevent the progress of (sb/sth), or obstruct/delay (sb/sth) 阻礙、妨礙某人/某事物的進展

　　eg. Production was hindered by lack of materials.

　　由于缺乏原料，生產(chǎn)陷于停頓。

　　China’s development hinders no one.

　　China’s development poses no hindrance to anyone.

　　China’s development is no hindrance to anyone.

　　China’s development does not hinder anyone.

相關(guān)鏈接：

口譯考試聚焦：漢譯英技巧

口譯考試和實踐中出鏡率最高的182條短語

提高口譯能力：從翻譯電影臺詞開始

翻譯技巧：十類容易譯錯的口語感嘆詞翻譯2

翻譯必看：英漢習(xí)語的異同比較

　　12、文化差異原則

　　像中國這樣的大國，她的發(fā)展有可能會引發(fā)一些矛盾和摩擦。

　　For a country as large as China, its development will possibly trigger some contradictions and frictions.

　　13、翻譯多樣性原則

　　加快

　　世界經(jīng)濟的重組加快步伐。

　　The restructuring of the world economy is speeding up.

　　為此，中國將鼓勵創(chuàng)新，加快商業(yè)化、工業(yè)化和國家化的進程。

　　For this purpose, China will encourage innovation to accelerate the process of commercialization, industrialization and internationalization.

　　中國還將努力解決國民經(jīng)濟中的主要問題，加快我們科技事業(yè)的發(fā)展。

　　China will also make great efforts to solve the major problems in the national economy, and enhance the development of science and technology of our country.

　　積極

　　加快科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化，積極培養(yǎng)各級各類人才。

　　We should accelerate the transaction of science and technological advances into productive forces, and make vigorous efforts to train people in various fields at different levels of expertise. 改善投資環(huán)境，積極引進境外資金。

　　We should improve the investment environment, and do all we can to attract foreign funds.

　　意識/認識

　　我最后終于認識到這件事為何非做不可。

　　I came to realize in the end why it must be done.

　　他認識到自己犯了一個錯誤。

　　He recognized that he had made a mistake.

　　看起來她還沒有意識到有多危險。

　　It seems that she is still not aware of the danger.

　　萬大爺痛苦地意識到一家人的看法有分歧。

　　Grandpa Wan grew painfully aware that the family were divided in their attitude.

　　他們意識到上司不贊成。

　　They were conscious that the boss disapproved.

　　我意識到我沒把收音機關(guān)掉。

　　It dawned on me that I had not turned off the radio.

　　14、“神龍見首不見尾”原則

　　有時候，漢語出現(xiàn)一連串表示“措施”意義的并列動賓結(jié)構(gòu)，最后以一個目的狀語結(jié)束。此時可使用變序法，把漢語句子里的最后一個表示目的的狀語前置，就可以把措施與目的之間的關(guān)系清楚地表達出來。

　　我們應(yīng)該互相尊重，樹立信心，避免對抗，增加對話，以建立兩國間長久的戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系。

　　In order to establish long-term strategic partnership between the two countries, we should respect each other, build up confidence, avoid confrontation and increase dialogue.

　　我們必須加強企業(yè)管理，提高生產(chǎn)效率，改善勞動條件，增強競爭意識，為中國加入世貿(mào)組織最好準備。

　　In order to get ourselves prepared for China’s entry into WTO, we must strengthen our business management, raise efficiency in production, improve working conditions, and enhance our sense of competition.

　　15、“長后短前”原則

　　同位語或前置修飾語較長時，翻譯時通常后移;當其修飾作用的同位語較短時，英譯時不一定后移，可以放在前面。

　　中共中央總書記、國家主席胡錦濤→Hu Jintao, Chinese president and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

　　美國總統(tǒng)布什→George Bush, President of the United States of America

　　奧斯卡獲獎影片《美國麗人》→American Beauty, an Oscar Award winner

　　您可以游覽萬里長城的一段——八達嶺;明清兩代皇帝居住的地方——故宮;清朝御花園——頤和園。

　　You may go and visit Badaling, one segment of the spectacular Great Wall, the Imperial Palace, residence of the Ming and Qing emperors, and Summer Palace, an imperial garden of the Qing Dynasty.

　　胡錦濤主席→President Hu Jintao

　　聯(lián)合國秘書長科菲·安南→UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan

　　微軟公司董事長比爾·蓋茨→Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates

　　當我們要強調(diào)特指意義時，起修飾作用的同位語英譯時也前置。

　　意大利著名旅游家馬可·波羅→the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo

　　美國偉大的民權(quán)運動領(lǐng)袖小馬丁·路德·金→the great American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.

　　16、“斷” “背” “刪”原則

　　東方明珠廣播電視塔位于黃浦江畔、浦東陸家嘴嘴尖上，塔高468米，三面環(huán)水，與外灘的萬國建筑博覽群隔江相望，是亞洲第一、世界第三的高塔。

　　The Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower stands on the Huangpu River and at the point of Lujiazui.(地理位置)Surrounded by waters on three sides and facing a row of buildings of variegated Western architectures in the Bund across the river, the 468-meter-high tower ranks first in Asia and third in the world.(排名)

　　海峽兩岸→both sides of the Taiwan Straits

　　三資企業(yè)→Chinese-foreign equity joint venture 中外合資經(jīng)營

　　Chinese-foreign cooperative joint venture中外合作經(jīng)營

　　wholly foreign-owned enterprise 外商獨資企業(yè)

　　三民主義→Nationalism, democracy, people’s livelihood

　　三來一補，四項基本原則，八榮八恥，三個“有利于”

　　代詞的省略

　　有些做賓語的介詞

　　物主代詞

　　抽象代詞

　　泛指代詞

　　形式主語、形式賓語it

　　連詞的省略

　　冠詞的省略

　　介詞的省略

　　17、變“形”金剛原則

　　為了使譯文簡潔，除了省略不必要的詞語外，還可以采取用單詞來譯詞組和句子，用詞組來譯句子等辦法來省卻多余的東西，使句子變得緊湊。

　　用單詞來譯詞組和句子

　　我上這個班是為了提高英語水平。

　　I attend this class to improve my English.

　　坦率地說，你錯了。

　　Frankly, you are mistaken.

　　我們希望吃晚飯的時候趕到。

　　Hopefully, we’ll be there by dinnertime.

　　用詞組來譯句子

　　只要看一眼這封信，你就會明白你上當了。

　　A glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in.

　　他看書看得太久，眼睛都紅了。

　　His eyes were red from excessive reading.

　　如果天公作美，周末我們就去郊游。

　　Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing this weekend.

　　他有才能，人品好，辦事勤奮，顯然會步步高升。

　　By aptitude, personality and work he is obviously slated to go up.

　　用同位語來譯句子

　　上海有一千六百多萬人口，是世界上最大的城市之一。

　　Shanghai, a city with a population of over 16 million, is one of the largest cities in the world.

　　許教授那時候還是個學(xué)生，就已經(jīng)為報紙雜志寫詩寫小說了。

　　Professor Xu, at that time a student, wrote poems and stories for newspapers and magazines.

　　用無動詞分詞來譯句子

　　他是一流記者，有廣博的知識。

　　A first-rate journalist, he has a wide range of knowledge.

　　他餓極了，一會兒工夫就吃下去兩大碗飯。

　　Hungry as a wolf, he ate up two big bowls of rice in an instant.

　　更重要的是，我們不應(yīng)該讓這件事發(fā)生。

　　Even more important, we should not let it happen.

相關(guān)鏈接：

口譯考試聚焦：漢譯英技巧

口譯考試和實踐中出鏡率最高的182條短語

提高口譯能力：從翻譯電影臺詞開始

翻譯技巧：十類容易譯錯的口語感嘆詞翻譯2

翻譯必看：英漢習(xí)語的異同比較